Life On Planets

Two suns scorch the desert planet of Tatooine in the Star Wars universe. Superman gets his powers after leaving the crimson rays of the red dwarf that illuminates Krypton. Science fiction often asks how life might adapt to a different sky, but these typical stars aren't the only way to keep planets warm.
Most serious Astro biologists quite reasonably spend their time thinking about what sorts of life forms might evolve on planets orbiting the so-called "main sequence" of stars that produce most of the Milky Way's glow. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center researcher Jeremy Schnittman, however, is an astrophysicist, and he's spent many of his less serious moments pondering how life might fare in some of the universe's more exotic locales. Biology as we know it is complex, but it basically boils down to needing two simple prerequisites: an energy source for maintaining liquid water and a stable environment.
“If you’re on a planet that’s constantly being wrecked by earthquakes and volcanoes,” Schnittman says, “even if it has nice beaches it wouldn’t be nice.”
Although they might not boast Earth’s pleasant tropical getaways, here are four types of alien systems that—with a dash of playful astrophysical thinking—could just barely make the cut for habitability
Neutron stars
One of the last places in the universe an alien microbe would want to settle might be a planet orbiting a neutron star—a dead star that didn’t quite have the heft to fully collapse spacetime into a black hole, but got pretty darn close. Astronomers spot them as pulsars, lighthouse-like beacons beaming out tremendous amounts of radiation.
“They're just whipping electric and magnetic fields around at tremendous speeds,” Schnittman says. “It’s pretty nasty stuff.”
Neutron stars definitely host planets (researchers actually located the first known exoplanet in 1992 orbiting a pulsating neutron star), but they would eradicate most life as we know it with a constant deluge of deadly speeding particles. Energetic particles and radiation are the universe's ultimate double-edged sword: capable of delivering both crucial energy and swift destruction. Even here on Earth, most calories enter the food web when plants and other photosynthesizing organisms consume tasty sunbeams, but we still go to great lengths to dodge ultraviolet rays (lest we get painful sunburn). The environment around a neutron star leans hard toward the death and destruction side of the radiation spectrum, yet the protective barriers of an ultimate goldilocks planet could conceivably harbor the hardiest of creatures, researchers have calculated. Specifically, life on a "super-Earth" up to ten times our planet's size could hack it if it had a pea-soup thick atmosphere to resist the corrosive effects of incoming radiation and protect the surface from the ravages of space, as well as a strong magnetic field to repel the onslaught of charged particles.

By- Abhishek Singh
Content - https://www.popsci.com/life-on-planets-without-stars-black-holes/